GHK-Cu is a copper peptide that stimulates collagen production, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. It enhances skin regeneration, reduces wrinkles, and promotes tissue repair, making it a key ingredient in anti-aging and wound-healing formulations.

Argireline inhibits the SNARE protein complex, which is responsible for neurotransmitter release in muscle contractions. This results in a mild muscle-relaxing effect, leading to smoother skin and reduced wrinkle depth. Unlike Botox, which is injected, Argireline is applied topically and penetrates the skin barrier to a limited extent.

Leuphasyl is a peptide that modulates neurotransmitter release, reducing facial muscle contractions that contribute to the formation of expression lines and wrinkles. It is often used in anti-aging skincare as a Botox alternative, helping to soften dynamic wrinkles without the need for injections.

Azelaic acid works by reducing bacteria, inflammation, and excess keratin in the skin. It inhibits Propionibacterium acnes growth, preventing breakouts, while its keratolytic action unclogs pores. Additionally, it blocks tyrosinase, reducing hyperpigmentation and evening skin tone. Its anti-inflammatory properties also help calm redness, making it effective for acne, rosacea, and pigmentation disorders

Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that reduces inflammation, regulates sebum production, and improves the skin barrier by increasing ceramide and free fatty acid levels. It is widely used in dermatology for acne, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation, helping to calm irritation, reduce redness, and brighten skin tone.

Tretinoin is a retinoid (vitamin A derivative) that works by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in skin cells, promoting faster cell turnover and collagen production. It effectively prevents clogged pores, reduces fine lines, and improves hyperpigmentation by encouraging the shedding of dead skin cells and stimulating the growth of new, healthier skin. This mechanism makes it one of the most effective treatments for acne, photoaging, and melasma, as it not only treats existing concerns but also prevents new breakouts and wrinkles from forming.